Exchange Sort (Bubble sort)
During the first  pass, there are N-1 comparisons
and at most N-1 exchanges.
During the second pass, there are N-2 comparisons
and at most N-2 exchanges.
Therefore, in the worst case there are comparisons
of:
     (N-1)+(N-2)+...+ 1 = N*(N-1)/2
and, the same number of exchanges... N*(N-1)/2*4
   which is:   2N*N - 2*N