Discuss B-Trees
Then, insert 55.
The first step is to locate the leaf of the tree in which this
index belongs by determining where the search for 55
would terminate.
We would find that we would want to insert 55 in
the node containing 50,56,57, 58.
But, that would cause this node to contain 5 records.
Since a node can contain only 4 records, you must split
this node into two...the new left node gets the two smaller
values and the new right node gets the two larger values.