In this project you will write an image editing program that allows you to load in one or more images and perform various operations on them. Consider it to be a miniature Photoshop.
The operations are summarized here, with details on implementing them below.
| Operation | Points |
| Load | 0, provided |
| Save | 0, provided |
| Difference | 0, provided |
| Run | 0, provided |
| Color to Grayscale | 5 |
| Uniform Quantization | 5 |
| Populosity | 20 |
| Naive Threshold Dithering | 3 |
| Brightness Preserving Threshold Dithering | 7 |
| Random Dithering | 5 |
| Clustered Dithering | 10 |
| Floyd-Steinberg Dithering | 15 |
| Color Floyd-Steinberg Dithering | 10 |
| Box Filter | 15 or 3 |
| Bartlett Filter | 15 or 3 |
| Gaussian Filter | 15 or 3 |
| Arbitrary-Size Gaussian Filter | 10 |
| Edge Detect (High Pass) Filter | 15 or 3 |
| Edge Enhance Filter | 15 or 3 |
| Half Size | 8 |
| Double Size | 12 |
| Arbitrary Uniform Scale | 25 or 10 |
| Arbitrary Rotation | 25 or 10 |
| Composite Over | 15 or 3 |
| Composite Inside | 15 or 3 |
| Composite Outside | 15 or 3 |
| Composite Atop | 15 or 3 |
| Composite Xor | 15 or 3 |
| NPR Paint | 50 |
In this project you score points for each image operation you correctly implement. The possible operations and their values are outlined below.
The projects will be graded semi-automatically off-line. We automatically generate a web page with the results of your program and use it to grade. For that reason, it is essential that you modify only parts of the skeleton that you are instructed to modify.
You may work in pairs for this project, but you are not required to. If you choose to work as a pair, both people must submit a copy. The project will be graded, and each group member will be given half of the earned points. To work as a pair, both members must send email to lizhan@pdx.edu and providing the name of the other member.
The total number of points up for grabs is greater than 200, but the maximum any individual can get is 100. If you are an individual, aim for 100. If you are a pair, aim for 200.
A reference program will be provided so that you can check your implementation, although you may still get full points for an operation even if your result doesn't match the reference program's. Many of the operations are sensitive to very subtle differences in coding, and it is not worth anyone's time to try to have everyone implement everything in exactly the same way. The operation descriptions below indicate the extent to which we think you should match the reference solution.
We will look for identical programs. If you are found to have duplicated someone else's work you will be treated as a group and given half the earned points. We will also take steps to ensure that you don't submit the reference program and don't manipulate the system in other ways we anticipate.
"Your name here!" with your name. For example,
"Billy Blogs". And uncomment the line.
Submit only TargaImage.cpp, TargaImage.h and Main.cpp. These are the only files you need to submit; other files will not be accepted. Please send these files to lizhan@pdx.edu with the email subject "CS447 Project 1 Submission: Your Name".
When we grade your project, we will compile the code and run the resulting executable. If your project does not compile on the machines in the Windows Lab then it will not be graded. We will automatically run your program, compile its output, and determine your grade. It is essential that you only modify those parts of the skeleton that we indicate.
NOTE: You must not create any additional source files -- only modify the ones provided in the skeleton.
The basic program must be controllable through a scripting language, and you should not change this in any way. The project will be graded by running scripts, so the scripting interpreter must function. The scripting language is simply a sequence of lines, each of which has a command and some arguments, generally a filename. The commands for each operations are listed below along with the arguments. All arguments should be considered strings. A user should be able to enter a script in a window or load one from a file.
The program should maintain the current image, which is displayed. The current image is modified by the various operations as outlined below. The skeleton already contains operations which change the current image.
All files will be in the Targa (tga) format. LibTarga supports pre-multiplied RGBA images. To load the alpha bits, tell it that you are loading 32 bit data, and it will fill the alpha channel (with ones if necessary) along with the color information. When you read an RGBA image with LibTarga, it returns pre-multiplied alpha pixel data. You must divide out the alpha channel before display, taking care to avoid dividing by zero. The skeleton already does this for display.
A basic program skeleton with the scripting language implemented is available. This program will also load and save images with alpha (if present in the image). You should modify the skeleton by changing the file TargaImage.cpp and/or TargaImage.h to implement the functions. At the moment all the functions change the current image to black.
As it is currently implemented, the skeleton will execute all the commands in a script file that is given as an argument. To specify arguments in Visual Studio, go to the Debug part of the project settings dialog. The skeleton also provides a single line command entry dialog. To execute a command, type it in and hit the Enter key. Hitting Enter again will run the same command again. You can of course change the command. Try "load test.tga" to load the test image. "save test-save.tga" also works. (Leave out the quotes when you type things in.)
The skeleton is slightly modular in design. In particular, the widget for displaying an image is separate from the object for storing the image, and both are separate from the main window itself.
The TargaImage class stores RGBA. Many of the operations only need greyscale, so this is a waste. Ignore it for now by storing grey as RGB with R=G=B, or put separate greyscale image information inside the TargaImage class.
Many of the operations you need to implement are very similar. For instance, all the filter operations differ only in the filter mask, not the basic filtering algorithm. Write your program to take advantage of such common operations.
IMPORTANT: If you choose not to implement a function, it is essential that the function call ClearToBlack and return false. This is the default behavior, so if you don't change it, you should be OK.
ALSO IMPORTANT: For each member in your group, you must alter the function MakeNames in Main.cpp so that the function vsStudentNames.push_back is called with the member's name as the argument. We will be using this information during the grading process.
We provide the following programs:
We also provide a whole range of example images, some with non trivial alpha channels.
| Operation | Keyword | Arguments | Details | Points |
| Load | load | filename | Load the specified image file and make it the current image. | 0, provided |
| Save | save | filename | Save the current image to the specified file. | 0, provided |
| Difference | diff | filename | Subtract the given image file from the current image and put the result in the current image. | 0, provided |
| Run | run | filename | Executes the script named filename. The script should contain a sequence of other commands for the program, one per line. The script must end with a newline. | 0, provided |
| Color to Grayscale | gray | Use the formula I = 0.299r + 0.587g + 0.114b to convert color images to grayscale. This will be a key pre-requisite for many other operations. This operation should not affect alpha in any way. | 5 | |
| 24 to 8 bit Color | All of these operations assume that the current image has 24 bits of color information. They should still produce 24 bit images, but there should only be 256 different colors in the resulting image (so the image could be stored as an 8 bit indexed color image). Don't be concerned with what happens if you run these operations on something that is already quantized. These operations should not affect alpha - we will only test them on images with alpha = 1 (fully opaque images). | |||
| Uniform Quantization | quant-unif | Use the uniform quantization algorithm to convert the current image from a 24 bit color image to an 8 bit color image. Use 4 levels of blue, 8 levels of red, and 8 levels of green in the quantized image. | 5 | |
| Populosity | quant-pop | Use the populosity algorithm to convert the current 24 bit color image to an 8 bit color image. Before building the color usage histogram, do a uniform quantization step down to 32 levels of each primary. This gives 32 x 32 x 32 = 32768 possible colors. Then find the 256 most popular colors, then map the original colors onto their closest chosen color. To find the closest color, use the euclidean (L2) distance in RGB space. If (r1,g1,b1) and (r2,g2,b2) are the colors, use sqrt((r1-r2)^2 + (g1-g2)^2 + (b1-b2)^2) suitably converted into C++ code. | 20 | |
| Dithering | All of these operations should convert the current image into an image that only contains black and white pixels, with the exception of dither-color. If the current image is color, you should first convert it to grayscale in the range 0 - 1 (in fact, you could convert all images to grayscale - it won't hurt already gray images). We will only test these operations on images with alpha = 1. | |||
| Naive Threshold Dithering | dither-thresh | Dither an image to black and white using threshold dithering with a threshold of 0.5. | 3 | |
| Brightness Preserving Threshold Dithering | dither-bright | Dither an image to black and white using threshold dithering with a threshold chosen to keep the average brightness constant. | 7 | |
| Random Dithering | dither-rand | Dither an image to black and white using random dithering. Add random values chosen uniformly from the range [-0.2,0.2], assuming that the input image intensity runs from 0 to 1 (scale appropriately). There is no easy way to match the reference result with this method, so do not try. Use either a threshold of 0.5 or the brightness preserving threshold - your choice. | 5 | |
| Clustered Dithering | dither-cluster | Dither an image to black and white using cluster dithering with the
matrix shown below. The image pixels should be compared to a threshold
that depends on the
dither matrix below. The pixel should be drawn white if:
I[x][y] >= mask[x%4][y%4]. The matrix is:
0.7500 0.3750 0.6250 0.2500
|
10 | |
| Floyd-Steinberg Dithering | dither-fs | Dither an image to black and white using Floyd-Steinberg dithering as described in class. (Distribution of error to four neighbors and zig-zag ordering). | 15 | |
| Color Floyd-Steinberg Dithering | dither-color | Dither an image to 8 bit color using Floyd-Steinberg dithering as described in class. You should use the color table corresponding to uniform quantization. That is, the table containing all colors with a red value of 0, 36, 73, 109, 146, 182, 219 or 255, green in the same range, and blue in the set 0, 85, 170, 255. If you do this, but not the grayscale version of Floyd-Steinberg, then you get 15 points. | 10 | |
| Filtering | All of these operations should modify the current image, and assume color images. The alpha channel should NOT be filtered. The alpha channel for all the test images will be 1 for all pixels, so you do not need to worry about the differences between filtering regular pixels or pre-multiplied pixels. Implement whichever approach you prefer. | 15 for the first 3 for any additional | ||
| Box Filter | filter-box | Apply a 5x5 box filter. | ||
| Bartlett Filter | filter-bartlett | Apply a 5x5 Bartlett filter. | ||
| Gaussian Filter | filter-gauss | Apply a 5x5 Gaussian filter. | ||
| Edge Detect (High-Pass) | filter-edge | Apply a 5x5 edge detect filter derived from a Gaussian as indicated in the lectures. (Note that the lecture notes derive the edge detect filter from a Bartlett, so the matrix used in this operation should not be identical). Clamp pixel values that fall outside the range 0-255. | ||
| Edge Enhance | filter-enhance | Apply a 5x5 edge enhancement operator, using a Gaussian filter as the underlying smoothing filter. Use the method shown in class to come up with a single filter that does the enhancement in one pass, or use image subtraction operations if you prefer. You should clamp pixel values that fall outside the range 0-255. | ||
| Arbitrary-Size Gaussian Filter | filter-gauss-n | N (size) | Apply an NxN Gaussian filter. Use the binomial method presented in lecture to derive the filter values. Note that this is the same Gaussian you will use if you do the NPR paint task. | 10 |
| Image Resizing | All of these functions should change the size of the current image by the appropriate amount. They should also operate on the alpha channel. | |||
| Half Size | half | Halve the image size. Use a Bartlett filter to do the reconstruction.
That means that for each output pixel (i,j) you place
a 3x3 discrete filter at input pixel (2i,2j) and the filter
is:
1/16 1/8 1/16
1/8 1/4 1/8
1/16 1/8 1/16
|
8, or nothing if you do scale | |
| Double Size | double | Double the image size. Use a Bartlett filter to compute the
reconstructed pixel values. There are four specific cases, depending
on whether the desired output pixel is odd or even in x or y. Three of
the cases are given here, the other can be derived from the last one given.
If the output pixel (i,j) has i even
and j even, you apply the following filter at input location
(i/2,j/2):
1/16 1/8 1/16
1/8 1/4 1/8
1/16 1/8 1/16
If the output pixel (i,j) has i odd
and j odd, you apply the following filter covering input
locations
(i/2-1,j/2-1) through (i/2+2,j/2+2) (integer
division):
1/64 3/64 3/64 1/64
3/64 9/64 9/64 3/64
3/64 9/64 9/64 3/64
1/64 3/64 3/64 1/64
If the output pixel (i,j) has i even
and j odd, you apply the following filter covering input
locations
(i/2-1,j/2-1) through (i/2+1,j/2+2) (integer
division):
1/32 2/32 1/32
3/32 6/32 3/32
3/32 6/32 3/32
1/32 2/32 1/32
If the output pixel (i,j) has i odd
and j even, you do something very similar to above.
|
12, or nothing if you do scale | |
| Arbitrary Uniform Scale | scale | amount | Scale the image up or down by the given multiplicative factor. By uniform scaling I mean scale the x and y axes by the same amount, so the aspect ratio does not change. Use Bartlett filters for the reconstruction. The reconstruction filter should be a Bartlett filter of width 4 pixels, so it always picks up 4x4 values in the input image (although some of these values may be multiplied by 0). You can get 25 points for this if you did not do Arbitrary Rotation, but at most 35 points for the combination of this and Arbitrary Rotation. And if you do this you get no points for double and half, because they can be done in one line if you have this implemented. | 25 or 10 |
| Arbitrary Rotation | rotate | amount | Rotate the image clockwise by the given amount, specified in degrees. The output image should be the same size as the imput image, with black pixels where there is no input image data. Use a Bartlett filter for the reconstruction, as per the resizing operations above. You should note that the reconstruction process for this operation and scale is identical. You can get 25 points for this if you did not do Arbitrary Scale, but at most 35 points for the combination of this and Arbitrary Scale. | 25 or 10 |
| Compositing | image | All of these operations should composite the current image, A, with the
specified image, B, using A op B, where op is one of the
operations below. The result should replace the current image.
Note, Lib Targa stores the alpha channel as an unsigned char, which means the alpha value ranges from 0 to 255. To compute the F and G for compositing, we need to map the alpha value to [0, 1]. For the example of the over operator, F=1 and G=1-alpha_f/255.0. |
15 for the first 3 for any additional | |
| Over | comp-over | image | See class notes on composition. | |
| Inside | comp-in | image | ||
| Outside | comp-out | image | ||
| Atop | comp-atop | image | ||
| Xor | comp-xor | image | ||
| Misc | ||||
| NPR Paint | npr-paint |
Apply a simplified version of Aaron Hertzmann's painterly
rendering algorithm from the 1998 SIGGRAPH Paper
Painterly Rendering with Curved Brush Strokes of
Multiple Sizes. You need only implement the
multiple (circular) brush size version from section 2.1 of
this paper. A function to do the actual drawing of the
circular strokes ( To match the reference solution (which is what you're graded on), your implementation should use the brush size radii of 7, 3 and 1. When calling the Gaussian-blur function, use the filter constructed using the binomial coefficients with a filter size of
The
The |
50 |
You can use the difference operation or any other photo editing/viewing software to compare your results with the reference. The table below summarizes ways in which your results could reasonably differ from the references.
You can download the reference images as a zip package; or download them individually below. You can use this script to batch the execution of all the algorithms you implemented. This script is the same script that will be used to test your project.
| Operation | Test Image(s) | Reference Image(s) | Notes |
| gray | colors-for-bw.tga | colors-for-bw-gray.tga | You should be able to reproduce this almost exactly. |
| quant-unif | church.tga and wiz.tga |
church-quant-unif.tga wiz-quant-unif.tga |
You probably cannot re-produce this exactly because you may choose a representative color for each bin in a different way than the reference program. Your result should, however, show the same poor quality and color banding effects. |
| quant-pop | church.tga and wiz.tga |
church-quant-pop.tga wiz-quant-pop.tga |
You probably cannot re-produce this exactly. A populosity algorithm should do a reasonable job on the gray floor, and not too bad on the browns. It should, however, draw the blue ball as gray, because there are not enough blue pixels to be popular. |
| dither-thresh | church.tga | church-dither-thresh.tga | You should be able to reproduce this almost exactly. Some pixels may be different around the boundaries between white and black. |
| dither-bright | church.tga | church-dither-bright.tga | You should be able to reproduce this almost exactly. Some pixels may be different around the boundaries between white and black. |
| dither-rand | church.tga | church-dither-rand.tga | You have no chance of reproducing this exactly. Instead, you should get an image that is similar in style but not identical. |
| dither-cluster | church.tga | church-dither-cluster.tga | You should be able to reproduce this almost exactly. A few borderline pixels (those close to the threshold) may be different. |
| dither-fs | church.tga | church-dither-fs.tga | There's a good chance you can re-produce this exactly, but it is not essential. The character of your result should be similar. |
| dither-color | church.tga | church-dither-color.tga | There's a good chance you can re-produce this exactly, but it is not essential. The character of your result should be similar. |
| filter-box | church.tga and checkers.tga |
church-filter-box.tga checkers-filter-box.tga |
You may get different results around the boundary, but interior pixels should be almost identical. The reference program extended the size of the input image by reflecting it about its edges. |
| filter-bartlett | church.tga and checkers.tga |
church-filter-bartlett.tga checkers-filter-bartlett.tga |
You may get different results around the boundary, but interior pixels should be almost identical. The reference program extended the size of the input image by reflecting it about its edges. |
| filter-gauss | church.tga and checkers.tga |
church-filter-gauss.tga checkers-filter-gauss.tga |
You may get different results around the boundary, but interior pixels should be almost identical. The reference program extended the size of the input image by reflecting it about its edges. |
| filter-gauss-n | church.tga and checkers.tga |
church-filter-gaussin-n.tga checkers-filter-box.tga |
church-filter-gaussin-n.tga is created by applying a 9x9 filter, and
checkers-filter-box.tga is created by applying a 11x11 filter. The differences are the same for the 5x5 version of the gaussian filter. (Your program may be tested with another parameter.) |
| filter-edge | church.tga and checkers.tga and gray-checkers.tga |
church-filter-edge.tga checkers-filter-edge.tga gray-checkers-filter-edge.tga |
You may get different results around the boundary, but interior pixels should be almost identical. The reference program extended the size of the input image by reflecting it about its edges. |
| filter-enhance | church.tga and checkers.tga and gray-checkers.tga |
church-filter-enhance.tga checkers-filter-enhance.tga gray-checkers-filter-enhance.tga |
You may get different results around the boundary, but interior pixels should be almost identical. The reference program extended the size of the input image by reflecting it about its edges. |
| half | church.tga and checkers.tga |
church-half.tga checkers-half.tga |
You may get slightly different results, particularly around the boundary. |
| double | church-small.tga and checkers-small.tga |
church-small-double.tga checkers-small-double.tga |
You may get slightly different results, particularly around the boundary. |
| scale | church.tga and checkers.tga |
church-scale.tga checkers-scale.tga |
The scale factors for church-scale.tga and checkers-scale.tga are 0.8
and 1.5 respectively. You may get different results, but they should be qualitatively similar (no banding). (You program may be tested with another value.) |
| comp-over | zcolorcheck.tga and zred.tga | zcolorcheck-comp-over.tga | You should get almost identical results. You need to look at the alpha channel to check. |
| comp-in | zcolorcheck.tga and zred.tga | zcolorcheck-comp-in.tga | You should get almost identical results. You need to look at the alpha channel to check. |
| comp-out | zcolorcheck.tga and zred.tga | zcolorcheck-comp-out.tga | You should get almost identical results. You need to look at the alpha channel to check. |
| comp-atop | zcolorcheck.tga and zred.tga | zcolorcheck-comp-atop.tga | You should get almost identical results. You need to look at the alpha channel to check. |
| comp-xor | zcolorcheck.tga and zred.tga | zcolorcheck-comp-xor.tga | You should get almost identical results. You need to look at the alpha channel to check. |
| rotate | church.tga and checkers.tga |
church-rotate.tga checkers-rotate.tga |
church.tga and checkers.tga are rotated 30 and 75 degrees respectively.
You may get slightly different results, particularly around the boundary. (Your program may be tested with another value.) |
| npr-paint | church.tga and wiz.tga |
church-npr-paint.tga wiz-npr-paint.tga |
This is a randomized algorithm, so it is very unlikely that your results will match the reference solution exactly (the reference solution operating twice on the same image is unlikely to match itself exactly). Your results should be qualitatively similar to the output of the reference solution, but need not be pixel-wise identical. |
Late
submission policy:
Late submission will
be accepted until 5pm 10/30/2022. But it will be penalized according to
the following equation:
G=G0*(1-n*0.05/24), where n is the number of
hours delayed, G0 is the raw score (if it is over 100 points, it will be
clipped to 100), and G is your final score.
*Acknowledgement: This project was designed by Dr. Stephen Chenney for his Computer Graphics course that he taught at UW-Madison.