sysadmin

VM Setup on macOS without paying for virtualization software

Requirements

You will need at least 100GB or so of free space on your hard drive for this class. We won’t likely use it all, but it needs to be there.

Common tools

Setting up a VM on macOS is relatively straightforward. While you could spend lots of money to get a commercial hypervisor like Parallels Desktop or VMware Fusion, that’s…ridiculous. Sure, they can do some fancy stuff, but we are sticking with open source or free solutions! Plus, they cost lots of money, and that’s just wrong.

So, what can we use? Well, there’s the option of VirtualBox (Intel/ARM). You are welcome to use Oracle tools if you’re ok with that. I’m not. Instead, I’ll use the Universal Turing Machine (UTM) software. It’s free, it’s open source, and it’s pretty easy to use. It’s also a Universal app, so it runs on both Intel and Apple Silicon Macs. More importantly, it provides an easy-to-use wrapper around the QEMU hypervisor, which is what I’ll be using to run our VMs.

Alternatively, if you’re a brew user, you can use

$ brew install --cask utm

to get UTM installed. If you’re really feeling like you want to do things “The Linux Way”, you can install libvirt and virt-manager via brew, and use that to manage your VMs. I’m not going to cover that here, but it’s an option.

Or, you can go full masochist and use qemu directly. I’m not going to cover that here, either. And if you think it makes sense, why are you here? Go away. Or better yet, talk to me about becoming a TA.

Kali VM Installation, Step by Step

OK, you have UTM installed, and you’re ready to create your VM. How? Time for a little show and tell! Please only use the line appropriate for your architecture.

  1. Download your image (choose correct architecture):

    $ curl -LO https://cdimage.kali.org/kali-2024.1/kali-linux-2024.1-installer-arm64.iso
$ curl -LO https://cdimage.kali.org/kali-2024.1/kali-linux-2024.1-installer-amd64.iso

  2. Checksum your image:

    $ sha256sum --tag kali-linux-2023.4-installer-arm64.iso kali-linux-2023.4-installer-amd64.iso
SHA256 (kali-linux-2024.1-installer-amd64.iso) = c150608cad5f8ec71608d0713d487a563d9b916a0199b1414b6ba09fce788ced
SHA256 (kali-linux-2024.1-installer-arm64.iso) = 5da710fac36899ff132cfe5e14c7df594086d2d0d7b3503247d8945aa258eac9

    If you don’t have sha256sum installed, you can use shasum -a 256 instead, though it’s a perl script, so takes a bit longer.

  3. Create a new VM in UTM:

    1. We can create a new VM by clicking the + button on the top of the UTM window. This one:

      add_vm_buttom

    2. We want to virtualize, regardless of which underlying architecture we are using.

      virtualize_not_emulate

    3. We aren’t installing macOS, Windows, or Linux, so select other:

      other_os

    4. Browse to wherever you downloaded the image, and select the ISO that you uncompressed.

      select_iso

      Click continue.

    5. I would suggest you give your VM at least 4GB of memory, since it’s going to be the primary external interface to your work environment for this class. As for the cores, leaving it at default is fine, unless you want to limit it to a specific number of cores (at least 2!). Click continue.

    6. For storage, 64GB should be plenty. We can resize later as needed. Click continue. It dynamically expands, so it won’t take up 64GB on your hard drive initially.

    7. We won’t be using a shared directory, so just click continue.

    8. On the summary page, ensure that “Open VM Settings” is checked. Give your VM a descriptive name – I called my VM kali. Click “Create VM”.

      select_iso

    9. You may run into an issue where the installer doesn’t look like it’s going to load. For some reason, the easiest way to fix this is to add a serial device to the VM. Click on the “Add Device” button, and select “Serial Port”. Change any settings you like (like the font), and then click “Add Device”. Then, click “Start VM”.

    10. The installer is pretty self explanatory. Just follow the prompts. When you get to the disk partitioning, I would suggest you use the “Guided - use entire disk” option. This will wipe out any existing partitions on the disk, and create a new partition table. This is fine, since we’re using a virtual disk, and we don’t care about any data that might be on it. If you want to do something else, you can, but you’re on your own. I’m not going to cover it here.

    11. When the installer is done, it often doesn’t ignore the disk image. So stop the VM, go into the settings, and remove the ISO from the CD-ROM drive. Then, restart the VM.