abstract introduction very brief statement of how MIP works problem statement solution statement goals heal Mobile-IP single point of failure problem do it so that is interoperate with MIP itself consider both physical and network redundancy issues explain - how HARP works design goals no fate sharing opaque to MIP no new security problems implementation (messages) messages configuration (TBD?) overview assumptions therein 1. relies on unicast routing internally. HARP is an IGP 2. no mods to Mobile-IP in terms of FAs/MNs 3. HARP co-HAs work in parallel - share state 4. HARP systems share one IP address (mobile-IP gateway address) MUST have one disjoint IP address for internal addressing topological considerations external Mobile-IP/IGP point of view picture #1 registration packets/data packets share same external routing internal HARP failure partitioned subnet question two possible topos partitioned subnet HAs advantage in that HAs may be "further" apart give two possible HOMES for MNs same physical link HAs must consider possible difficulties caused by both ifs answering ARP requests solution: use HARP ping so that only one system honors ARP at a time security and redundancy fault tolerance redundancy enhanced if HARP peers are physically and logically not close. message security IPSEC ah or MIP-like message digest authentication. types of failure total HA failure or interface failure dealt with router failure to HA may be dealt with point: HAs should be as logically and/or physically distant but still IGP connected; e.g., more than one router path to them different related work Numerous cases of pairs. NIS master/slave, DNS master/slave. Similarities are slight though. conclusion goals satisfied src available at acknowledgements bibliography